第 2 节 技法指导
读后续写以记叙文为主,记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主,以人物的经历和事
物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。下面以 2023 年新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷为例来逐条讲解
写作技法。
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school , my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I
said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil , so English was only
my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to
present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play , where I played all the parts.No
one laughed harder than he did.
So , why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply:
“ Because I love your stories.If you ’ re willing to apply yourself , I think you have a good shot at
this. ” Encouraged by his words , I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere ’ s horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith( 银匠 ) in Boston
who rode a horse at night on April 18,1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were
coming.My story would come straight from the horse ’ s mouth.Not a brilliant idea , but funny;
and unlikely to be anyone else ’ s choice.
What did the horse think , as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did
he want to quit? I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But , like
Revere ’ s horse , I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to
correct my grammar.I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a
few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher , he read it , laughed out loud , and
said , “ Great.Now , write it again. ” I wrote it again , and again and again.When I finally
finished it , the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn ’ t win , I
wouldn ’ t care.
注意:续写词数应为 150 个左右。
A few weeks later , when I almost forgot the contest , there came the news.
I went to my teacher ’ s office after the award presentation.
技法一 阅读文本,获取有效信息
一、读懂原文,理清六要素
记叙文有六要素 ( 五个 W 和一个 H) ,即 who( 人物 ) 、 when( 时间 ) 、 where( 地点 ) 、 why( 事
件的起因 ) 、 what( 经过 ) 和 how( 结果 ) 。读后续写所提供的文本除了结果这一要素之外,把其
余五个要素叙述得清清楚楚。因此阅读文本时要紧扣这五个要素。
读 (2023· 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ ) 文本,得出六要素为:
文本 6 要素 (5W + 1H)
文本内容
Who( 人物 )
my social studies teacher and I
When( 时间 )
when I was in middle school
Where( 地点 )
in my school
What( 事件 )
My social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.
Why( 起因 )
Encouraged by his words , I agreed to give it a try.
How( 结果 )
续写中介绍
二、细读原文,找出双线
故事类记叙文有两条线索,一是情节 (plot) 线,二是情感 (feeling) 线。通常情况下,随着
情节的发展,人物的情感会产生变化。所以,对情节的整体把握就离不开对人物情感发展的
分析。两条线索既相对独立又相互交融,所以,在梳理时,可以将两条线索互相参照,互相
贯通。
按照情节发展的顺序,同时提取表示情感的词汇、句型及表达,进而获取情感的发展方
向。特别关注情节发展的高潮,也是情感的最大变化。这是记叙文的核心,往往也是最大冲
突的爆发点和续写的基础。
读 (2023· 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷 ) 文本,理出文章的情节线和情感线如下:
1 . 情节线 :拒绝参赛→尝试参加→以马的口吻写作→想放弃→继续坚持→不在乎是否能获
奖
2 . 情感线 :自我否定→自我尝试→自我创新→自我怀疑→自我坚持→自我突破
可以清晰地在“情节山”上展示出来:
三、确定主题,写出主题升华句
读 (2023· 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷 ) 文本知本文的主题为“人与自我:个人成长”。概括文本大意
知:本不喜欢写作的作者在老师的鼓励下,通过自己的努力,不但尝试参加了写作比赛,而
且通过自己的坚持不懈完成了参赛作品,实现了自我突破。由此我们可以推断出,作者写这
篇文章的意图是表达对老师的感激:感激老师的鼓励和让他意识到“心之所愿,无所不成”。
所以续写部分应该是作品获奖和感恩老师。 遵循正 能 量原则 ,写出本文的结 尾升华 句。
1 . 从 感恩老师和老师的鼓励的 角度 来写
(1)No more words could convey my gratitude to him.It was he who made me realize nothing is
impossible to a willing heart.
(2)Since then , my teacher ’ s encouraging words , just like a lighthouse in the mist , would
always be lighting in the sky of my life.
(3)Then he pointed that my passion , devotion and persistence contributed to my success. “ Just
like the horse you wrote , he got tired and had doubts , but he kept going. ”
(4)I benefit a lot from my loved teacher.His painstaking care and encouragement will influence my
whole life.
(5)After that , his words have echoed in my ears for many years , and every time I start writing , I
will think of my teacher.He taught me how to believe in myself and guided me towards a bright
future.
2 . 从 个人努力的 角度 来写
(1)From then on , not only did I have a good command of writing , but I also knew the truth—fear
never builds the future , but hope does.
(2)Only then did I realize that it was bravery and determination that can conquer all the
difficulties.Hard work paid off eventually.
四、研判故事的语言风格和语言特色
阅读文本时,要 留 意文章使 用 的主体时 态 (tense) , 还 要注意文章使 用 的句 式 结构,如 三
大 从 句、 非谓 语 动 词、 强调 句型、 倒装 句 式 、 虚拟 语 气等 , 并画 线标出,以使续写的内容在
语 言色彩 和 行 文 风格 上与所给文章 保 持一 致 。
读 (2023· 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷 ) 文本知本文的主体时 态 是一 般 过 去 时,续写部分也应该继续使
用 该时 态 。文本中 运用 了以下 丰富 的句 式 :
1 . When I was in middle school , my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing
contest .I said no without thinking .( 时间 状 语 从 句 ;非谓 语 动 词 )
2 . Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my
paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play , where I played all the parts . No one
laughed harder than he did.( 动名 词作主语 ; 结果 状 语 从 句 ; 定语 从 句 ; “否定词+比 较级 ”
表示最高 级 )
3 . So , why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail ? ( 定语 从 句 )
4 . Encouraged by his words , I agreed to give it a try.( 过 去 分词短语作 状 语 )
5 . If I didn ’ t win , I wouldn ’ t care.( 虚拟 语 气 )
由以上句 子 可知,文本中分词作 状 语、 状 语 从 句、 虚拟 语 气等 句 式 的 综合运用 使得语 言
具 有一定的 丰富性 , 配合 着短句, 形 成了长短句结 合 的节 奏 感。除了这 些 句 式 以外,文章 还
通过对主人 公动 作 链 的 描 写以及心理 描 写 等丰富 了 细 节, 刻画 了主人 公 在情感上对 待英 语写
作的 转 变。续写部分的文 风 也要 延 续这 些才行 。
技法二 利用信息,预测后续情节
一、根据首句,构建情节框架
对所给文本后面的故事情节及故事结 尾 的推断是写 好 读后续写的 前 提。高 考 所给的读后
续写是 半 开放 性 的,这 种形式 既可以让人 充 分发 挥 想 象 力,又能让人有章可 循 。可以根据下
表中的口 诀 来 确 定 每 段要写的内容:
两段 首 句定一 框 即根据两段所给 首 句来 确 定 第 一段的 框架
二 框 二 首正 能 量 即 第 二段的 框架 由 第 二段的 首 句和 正 能 量 结 尾 来 确 定
根据 (2023· 新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷 ) 的 第 一段所给 首 句“ A few weeks later , when I almost forgot
the contest , there came the news. ” 再 结 合第 二段 首 句“ I went to my teacher ’ s office after the
award presentation. ”,使 用 “两段 首 句定一 框 ” 策略 ,可以推断出续写的 第 一段应 侧重 介绍
消息 的内容, 再 加上“我” 听 到 消息 后的 反 应 ( 所 听 、所 思等 ) 以及 领 奖的情 景 ( 所 见 、所 听 、
所 思 、所 做等 ) 。
根据 第 二段 首 句与 正 能 量 的结 尾 即“二 框 二 首正 能 量 ” 策略 , 确 定 第 二段应 侧重 介绍
“我”与老师在 办公室里 发生的事 ( 所 说 、所 做等 ) ,以及“我”对 英 语写作 态度 的 转 变 ( 所
悟 ) ,与 前 文“我” 并 不喜欢 英 语写作 形 成 呼 应,最后 再 点题,表 明 “我”对老师由 衷 的感
激之情。
二、根据首句,写出衔接句
续写的 几 个 衔接 句即 第 一段的 第 二句, 第 一段的最后一句和 第 二段的 第 二句 都 是得分要
点,如图所示:
升华 句 前 面 已 经写出来了,下面是 几 个 衔接 句。
1 . 第 一 段 的 第 二 句 : 第 一 段 所 给 首 句 是 A few weeks later , when I almost forgot the
contest , there came the news.( 几 个 星期 后, 当 我 几 乎 忘 记比赛的时 候 , 传 来了 消息 。 ) 所以 接
着要写 消息 的内容,此 消息 一定和获奖、 颁 奖有关, 再 根据续写情感要 积极 (positive) 的 原则 ,
应该是获得 非 常 好 的奖 项 , 传播 此 消息 的方 式 可以 多样 ,如 电话告 知、同 学告 知、老师 宣布
等都 可以,也可以不提, 直接 写 消息 的内容即可。
(1)It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in
three days.
(2)I received a phone call , and it was from the organization that said I had won the grand prize.
(3) “ You won first prize in the writing contest ,” one of my classmates rushed to my desk.
(4)The moment I saw my name on the top of the first prize list , surprise and joy occupied my
mind.
(5)When my teacher walked into the classroom , a shining bright smile was on his face.He had just
announced I won first place in the writing contest when everyone surprised in disbelief firstly but
then gave me thunderous applause.
2 . 第 一段的最后一句:因为 第 二段的 第 一句 说领 奖后“我” 去 了老师的 办公室 ,所以 第 一
段的最后一句要 含 有 颁 奖 并 提到老师。
(1)When the award presentation finished , I felt a mixture of feelings.I wanted to say something to
my teacher.
(2)With the trophy in one hand and award certificate in the other hand , I threw my eyes at my
teacher , who gave me a thumbs-up , with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.It was at that
moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.
(3)I explained why I chose this special subject and even acted out one-role play as Revere ’ s horse
on the stage , which made the audience laugh out.In the end , I showed my gratitude to the horse
rider—my social studies teacher.
(4)Everything went smoothly and I was surrounded by flowers and applause.However , the person
with whom I desired to share my joy was my teacher.
(5)Patiently and confidently , I told the audience how I once didn ’ t love writing and now enjoyed
writing and how I realized the value of perseverance with the help of my teacher.
3 . 第 二段 的 第 二句 : 第 二段 所给 首 句 是 I went to my teacher ’ s office after the award
