第 3 讲 介词
1 ． 表示方位的介词
We walked across ① the beach ， through ② the woods and finally came to ③ the house which
was under ④ the big tree marked in ⑤ the map.After stepping into ⑥ the house ， we found a small
black table ， over ⑦ which was a lamp.Then we looked around ⑧ ， only to find nothing.My friend
found something special—an empty box. Beneath ⑨ it was a note saying ，“ Stand beside ⑩ the
window and look out of ⑪ it. ” From ⑫ the window we saw another house beyond ⑬ a small hill.
[ 规则感悟 ] ① across 指从较为平坦的表面穿过。② through 指从立体的事物中间穿过。
③ to 指“到某处，去某处”。④ under 在……下面，无接触面。⑤ in 在……里面。⑥ into 到
……里面。⑦ over 在……正上方 ( 无接触面 ) ； on 在……上面 ( 有接触面 ) 。⑧ around 在 / 向……周
围。⑨ beneath 在……下面 ( 有接触面 ) 。⑩ beside 在……旁边。 ⑪ out of 向 / 在……外面。
⑫ from 从……。 ⑬ beyond 在 / 向……较远的一边，超出。
2 ． 表示时间的介词
It happened on ① a Saturday morning in ② November,2021.My parents left home at ③ 6 ： 00 am
to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in ② two hours.However ， it
wasn ’ t long before ④ someone knocked at the door ， and I looked through the peephole and saw a
stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside ， and didn ’ t open it until ⑤ my parents came
back. During ⑥ the two hours ， the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn ’ t listen
to him.On seeing my parents ， the stranger said ，“ I have been waiting out of the door for ⑦ two
hours since 6 ： 10 am. ” Why had my uncle changed so much over ⑧ the years?
[ 规则感悟 ] ① on 指在具体的某一天。② in 用在年 / 月 / 季节 / 世纪等大时间之前，或者指上 /
下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③ at 用在几点钟或
night/noon 之前。④ before 在……之前。⑤ until 直到……时候。⑥ during 在……期间。⑦ for
表示延续一段时间。⑧ over 表示“在……期间”，表延续。
3 ． 表示原因的介词
John was punished for ① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over ② it and he
trembled with ③ anger because of ④ John ’ s bad behaviour.
[ 规则感悟 ] ① for 表示原因，后面可以跟名词 ( 词组 ) 或动名词。② at/over 用在表示情绪的
形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词 ( 词组 ) 。③ with 用在表示情绪的名词之前。④ because
of/owing to/due to/thanks to 之后不跟陈述句，跟名词 ( 短语 )/ 名词性从句。
4 ． 其他重要介词
Between ① the two opinions ， I am for ② the first one but against ③ the second one. By ④
wearing school uniforms ， students can be treated equally by ④ others despite ⑤ the different
economic backgrounds among ⑥ them. Besides ⑦ ， the price is within ⑧ students ’ reach.Most
students except ⑨ a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for ⑩ the fact that they
are not fashionable.
[ 规则感悟 ] ① between 表示“两者之间”。② for 表示“支持”。③ against 表示“反对”。
④ by 表示“借助 / 通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤ despite 表示“尽管”，等于 in
spite of 。⑥ among 表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦ besides 表示“除此之外 ( 还 ) ” 。⑧ within
表示“在……范围之内”。⑨ except 表示同类事物除外。⑩ except for 表示与整体陈述相对
的细节修补。
一、介词的省略
1 ．当表示时间的词前有 this ， that ， next ， last ， every ， each ， some ， any ， all 等时，介词常
省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.
上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like. 你想哪天来就哪天来。
2 ．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果，医生远离我。
3 ．习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有 spend some time
(in) doing sth ， waste some time (in) doing sth ， have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth ， be busy
(in) doing sth ， stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.
弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
二、介词不可省略的问题
1 ．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2 ．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to .
这个问题很值得关注。
3 ．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须
加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
三、介词短语
1 ．介词与名词构成的搭配：
(1)at ＋名词
at a loss 不知所措
at the cost of 以……的代价
at peace 处于和平状态
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at war 处于战争状态
at the mercy of 在……支配下；由……摆布
at the same time 同时
(2)on ＋名词
on exhibition/show/display 在展出
on account of 因为
on fire 着火
on average 平均；一般地
on sale 出售；打折
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不
on the decrease/increase 在减少 / 在增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
(3)by ＋名词
by accident/chance 偶然地
by hand 手工
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by coincidence 碰巧
by nature 天生地
(4)in ＋名词
in cash 用现金付款
in charge of 掌管
in depth 在深度上
in return 作为回报
in detail 详细地
in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危
in height 在高度上
in spite of 尽管
in length 在长度上
in exchange for 作为交换
in favor of 支持，赞成
in no time 立刻
in case of 万一；如果；假使
in no way 决不
in support of 为支持……
in place of 代替
in honour of 为向……表示敬意
in possession of 拥有，占有
in memory of 为了纪念……
in addition to 另外
(5)of ＋名词
of benefit 有益处的
of significance 有意义的
of help 有帮助的
of use 有用的
of importance 重要的
of value 有价值的
(6)out of ＋名词
out of balance 失去平衡
out of order 发生故障
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of sight 看不见
out of control 失去控制
out of the question 不可能
out of date 过期
out of work 失 业
out of touch 失去 联 系
(7)under ＋名词
under attack 遭 到 袭击
under treatment 在 治疗 中
under pressure 在 压力 下
under control 处于控制 之 中
