1 谓语动词
At first , Jack wasn ’ t fond of studying and was addicted to computer games.Every time his
mother went ① to his room , she found that he was playing ② computer games.His father had
condemned ③ him many times before he went to middle school , so he promised that he would
study ④ hard and quit computer games.
It is amazing that Jack has changed ⑤ a lot in the past three years.Whenever asked about
Jack ’ s performance at school , his mother always answers ⑥ proudly ,“ He has been making ⑦
progress. ” He is making ⑧ preparations for the college entrance exam.
There is no doubt that Jack will be admitted to ⑨ a good college if he keeps working hard like
this.Maybe in the near future he will be studying ⑩ in a key university.
[ 规则感悟 ] ①是一般过去时,结构为谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时,结构为
was/were +现在分词。③是过去完成时,结构为 had +过去分词。④是过去将来时,结构为
would +动词原形。⑤是现在完成时,结构为 have/has +过去分词。⑥是一般现在时,结构
为谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。⑦是现在完成进行时,结构为 have/has
been +现在分词。⑧是现在进行时,结构为 am/is/are +现在分词。⑨是一般将来时,结构为
will +动词原形。⑩是将来进行时,结构为 will + be +现在分词。
1 . 一般现在时
(1) 表 示 现 在 经 常 性 的 、 习 惯 性 的 、 反 复 的 动 作 或 状 态 。 常 用 的 时 间 状 语 有
always , usually , often , sometimes , every day 等。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo , I almost always get a questioning
look.(2023· 新课标Ⅱ )
每当我告诉别人我在柏林动物园教英语时,我总是得到怀疑的目光。
(2) 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They ’ ll stand by you even if you don ’ t succeed .
即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
(3) 表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象 ( 在过去的语境中也用一般现在时 ) 。
The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
(4) 表 示 按 时 间 表 、 时 刻 表 、 日 程 表 等 将 要 发 生 的 动 作 , 只 限 于
go , arrive , leave , start , return , begin , come , take off 等动词 ( 短语 ) 。
The flight takes off at 8 : 30 every Wednesday and Friday. 这个航班每周三和周五 8 : 30 起飞。
(5) 用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
2 . 一般过去时
(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday , last year , three years
ago , the other day 等时间状语连用。
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-
existence with its surroundings.(2023· 全国甲 )
从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处。
(2) 根据上下文或主从句提示。
As a little girl , I wished to be a zookeeper when I grew up.(2023· 新课标Ⅱ )
作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
(3) 时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
3 . 一般将来时
(1) “ shall/will +动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。“ will +动词原形”还可以
表示说话时临时作出的决定。
It is said that he will retire next month.
据说他将于下个月退休。
—What time is it ?——几点了?
—I have no idea.But just a minute , I will check it for you.
—— 我不知道。请稍等,我帮您查一下。
(2) “ be going to +动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
“ I ’ m going to inspire so many people ,” she said. “ I ’ m ready to shine. ” (2023· 全国乙 )
“我要激励很多人,”她说,“我已经准备好发光了。”
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain .
看那些乌云,要下雨了。
(3) “ be to +动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o ’ clock this morning.
今天上午 11 点我要去见布朗先生。
(4) “ be about to +动词原形”表示 正 要或即将做某事,不与 具体 的时间状语连用。
Work is about to start on a new factory building. 新厂房 即将动 工 。
对点练习 1
1 . The curtains are about to open , and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell(tell) you
the story.
2 . While running regularly can ’ t make you live forever , the review says it is(be) more effective
at lengthening life than walking , cycling or swimming.
3 . We hired(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but
did the job.(2021· 全国甲 )
4 . 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时 正 在 进行 或发生的动作,也可表示现 阶段正 在 进行 的动作或存在的状态。
Now , I ’ m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
(2023· 新课标Ⅱ )
现在,我 通 过帮 助熊猫饲养 员用英语 工 作,间 接 地实现了那个 梦想 。
(2) 某些表示 位置移 动的动词, 如 go , come , leave , arrive , start , move 等可用现在 进行 时
表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。
John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning.
约 翰 和他的 姐姐 明天 早 上要动 身 去 东京 。
(3) 与 always , often , constantly 等 频度副 词连用,表示经常反复的 行 为或某种 感情色彩 。 感
情色彩 可 褒 可 贬 。
The girl is always talking aloud in public , which makes her parents annoyed.
这个女孩总是在 公 共场 合 大 声 说话,这使得她的 父母 很 烦 。
5 . 过去进行时
(1) 表示过去某一时刻 正 在发生的动作或过去某一个 阶段 内一 直 在 进行 的动作。
Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning. 今天上午 11 点 格 林太太 正 准备午 餐 。
(2) 表示动作在 另 一个过去的动作发生时 正 在 进行 ,常与 when , while 引导 的时间状语从句连
用。
The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel. 那个 男 孩 正 在 读 小说时老师 进 来了。
(3) 一些 非延续 性动词可用过去 进行 时表示过去按计划或 安排 将要发生的动作,常见动词有
go , come , leave , start , arrive 。
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 她 问 他是 否 要 回 来 吃晚饭 。
6 . 将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一 段 时间里 正 在 进行 的动作,常与一些 标志 性的时间状语连用。
Don ’ t phone me between 5 and 6.We ’ ll be having dinner then. 不要在五点 至六 点 之 间 给 我打
电话,那时我们在 吃晚饭 。
对点练习 2
1 . She was playing(play) with the cellphone when her boss walked into the office.
2 . Next Friday I will go to another concert.They will be playing(play) something by Mozart at that
time.
3 .— Hi , let ’ s go skating.
—Sorry , I ’ m busy right now.I am filling(fill) in an application form for a new job.
7 . 现在完成时
(1) 表示过去发生的事 情对 现在 产 生的影 响 或 结果 。常用的状语有 already , ever , just( 刚刚 ) ,
yet 等。
As a photographer , I have spent the last two years recording everything I discovered.(2023· 全国
乙 )
作为一名 摄 影师,我 花 了 最近两年 的时间 记录 我所发现的一 切 。
(2) 表 示 一 个 动 作 开 始 于 过 去 , 一 直 持 续 到 现 在 。 常 与 之 连 用 的 时 间 状 语 有
lately , recently , until now , ever since , in the last(past) few days/years , up to now , so far 等。
In the past few years , great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几 年 里,我的 家乡 发生了 巨 大 变化 。
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的 第 一 部 小说自上个月
出 版 以来 获 得了 许 多好 评 。
(3) 下 列 句 型 中常用现在 完 成时。
This/That/It is the first/second/...time that +现在 完 成时
This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/... +名词+ that +现在 完 成时
This is the first time that I have made a speech.
这是我 第 一 次 做 演讲 。
It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read . 这是我所 读 过的 最 有 趣 的小说。
8 . 过去完成时
(1) 表示在过去某一时间以前已经 完 成的动作。常见的时间状语有 by +过去时间点, by the
end of +过去时间点, by the time +从句, until/before/since +过去时间点或从句。
She lived with a family she had never met and everything was new to her.(2023· 全国乙 )
她和一个 素未谋面 的 家庭住 在一起,一 切对 她来说都是 新鲜 的。
(2) 在 hardly/scarcely...when... , no sooner...than... 等表示“一 …… 就 …… ”的句 式 中,主句常
用过去 完 成时。当 hardly , scarcely , no sooner 置 于句 首 时,主句要用 部分倒装 。
No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.
他们 刚 从 房子 里 冲 出来 房子 就 烧塌 了。
(3) 动词 hope , expect , mean , intend , want , suppose 的过去 完 成时表示过去 未曾 实现的 愿 望
或 意 图。
I had hoped to go home from work ahead of time. 我 本 希望提前下班 回家 。 ( 但未能如愿 )
对点练习 3
1 . Before getting into the car , I thought I had learned/learnt(learn) the instructor ’ s orders , but
once I started the car , my mind went blank.I forgot what he had said(say) to me altogether.
2 . For thousands of years , people have told(tell) fables( 寓言 ) to teach a lesson or to pass on
wisdom.(2023· 全国甲 )
3 . I had expected(expect) to get first prize in the contest but the result made me disappointed.
9 . 过去将来时
(1) 表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于 宾 语从句
和间 接引 语中。
She said she would retire the next year.
她说她明 年 就退休了。
I wondered what my son would say the next moment. 我 想 知道 儿子接 下来会说 什么 。
(2) 三种表示过去将来时的 特殊结构 : was/were going to +动词原形 ; was/were to +动词原形 ;
was/were about to +动词原形。
was/were going to +动词原形表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。
He told me he was going to get married the next week. 他告诉我他打算下周 结婚 。
was/were about to +动词原形表示过去即将要发生的动作。常 构 成句 型 was/were about to
do...when...
We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.
我们 正 要 离开 , 隔壁房 间 突 然发出了 巨 大的 响声 。
10 . 现在完成进行时
(1) 常用来表示 开始 于过去某个时间,一 直延续 到现在 并且 会 继续进行 下去的动作。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些 年 来,他们一 直向 我们 杂志投稿 。
(2) 表示到目前为 止 的一 段 时间里一 直 在反复 进行 的动作。
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近 我们常常见 面 。
对点练习 4
1 .— Where is Peter? I can ’ t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing(write) his essay there ever since.
2 . Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child , few people guessed that he would be(be) a
famous scientist whose theories would change(change) the world.
注意 除了前面讲解中提到的一些句型外,还要熟记以下固定句型中的时态:
(1)be doing...when... , when 前面的句子常用过去进行时, when 后面的句子常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been +时间段+ since... 表示“自从……以来已……”,主句用现在完成时或一般现
在时,从句用一般过去时。
(3) 祈使句+ and/or +陈述句,陈述句常用一般将来时。
(4)It is (high/about) time that sb... , that 后面的句子要用一般过去时或 should +动词原形。
1 . The twins were stewing(stew) the chicken porridge when their father marched into the kitchen.
2 . It ’ s high time that we took/should take(take) urgent measures to protect water resources.
3 . The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors and this is the first time that I have been(be)
there.
4 . Give up in winter , and you will miss(miss) the hope of spring , the beauty of summer , and
the harvest of autumn in your life.
Xiao Ming ’ s Cellphone
Xiao Ming ’ s cellphone was broken ① .I couldn ’ t get through to him while the cellphone
was being repaired ② .I wanted to inform him that he had been admitted ③ to the basketball club.
Cellphones are widely used ④ nowadays.It seems that they are being used ⑤ so frequently that
people have been controlled ⑥ by them.Someone thinks that cellphones should be restricted ⑦ on
some occasions.
Xiao Ming ’ s cellphone will be repaired ⑧ well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone
will have been brought ⑨ home and will be being used ⑩ again.
[ 规则感悟 ] ①是一般过去时的被动语态,结构为 was/were +过去分词。②是过去进行时的
被动语态,结构为 was/were + being +过去分词。③是过去完成时的被动语态,结构为 had
been +过去分词。④是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为 is/am/are +过去分词。⑤是现在进行
时的被动语态,结构为 is/am/are + being +过去分词。⑥是现在完成时的被动语态,结构为
have/has been +过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态,结构为情态动词+ be +过去分词。
⑧是一般将来时的被动语态,结构为 will + be +过去分词。⑨是将来完成时的被动语态,结
构为 will + have been +过去分词。⑩是将来进行时的被动语态,结构为 will + be + being +过
去分词。
1 . 被动语态的用法
(1) 不知道 谁 是动作的 执行者 ,或 没 有必要 指 明 谁 是动作的 执行者 。
—The window is dirty.
—I know.It hasn ’ t been cleaned for weeks.
—— 窗户脏 了。
—— 我知道。好几周 没擦 了。
(2) 需 要 强调 或 突 出动作的 承受者 或事件 本身 。
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
除 了经理以 外 ,所有的 雇 员都 被鼓 励在 家网 上 办公 。
(3) 某些及物动词和动词短语 无被 动语态: have 有 ; cost 花费; lack 缺少; suit 适合; belong
to 属 于 ; suffer from 遭受; date from/back to 追溯 到 ; consist of 由……组 成 ; take part in 参加 。
I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop , which cost 15 yuan.
我从 新华书店买 了一 本书 , 花 了 15 元 。
She is experimenting with different typewriters to see which one suits her best.
她 正 在 试验 不 同 的打 印机 ,看 哪 一种 最适合 她。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
狮子 和老 虎属 于 猫 科。
(4) 不及物动词 ( 短语 ) 不 能 用于 被 动语态。常见的有: happen/take place/occur 发生 ; remain 剩
下 ; break out 爆 发 ; last 持 续; come out 出 版; come up 被 提出 ; lose heart 失 去 信 心 ; run out
用 完 。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.
昨晚 这条 路 上发生了一起 意外 事 故 ,五个人 遇难 。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.
上周那个地 区 发生了一场大 火 。
(5) “ get +过去 分 词”也可以表示 被 动, 此结构比较口 语 化 。
The patient got treated once a week.
那 位病 人一周 接受 一 次治疗 。
2 . 主动形式表示被动意义的结构
(1) 表示主语的某种 属 性 特征 或功 能 的动词, 如 read , write , sell , wash , clean , cook , draw
等,常与 well , easily , smoothly 等 副 词连用,常用 其 主动形 式 表 达被 动 意 义,主语 通 常是
物。
The sign reads as follows. 告示 如 下。
The shirt doesn ’ t wash well.
这件 衬衫 不好 洗 。
Her new book is very interesting and sells well . 她的 新书 很有 趣并且卖 得很好。
(2) 系 动词 如 smell , taste , feel , look , sound , prove 等后 接 形容词作表语。
Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn ’ t contain enough nutrition.
垃圾食品吃 起来美 味但营养 不 足 。
Your idea sounds wonderful but it isn ’ t practical. 你的 想法听 起来很 棒但 不 切 实 际 。
(3)open , close , lock , move , keep 等动词常与 won ’ t , can ’ t , wouldn ’ t 连用。
No matter what he did to the door , it wouldn ’ t open . 不 论 他 怎么对付 这个 门 , 它 就是打不 开 。
(4) 在 need , want , require , deserve , bear 等动词或 worth 等形容词的后 面 ,动名词用主动形
式 表示 被 动 意 义, 其含 义 相 当于动词不定 式 的 被 动形 式 。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired .
这所 房子需 要 修 理。
The film is really worth seeing .
这 部 电影的 确值 得一看。
(5) 在某些“主语 ( 人 / 物 ) + be +形容词+不定 式 ” 结构 中用不定 式 的主动形 式 表 达被 动 意 义。
常
见
的
形
容
词
有
nice , easy , fit , hard , difficult , important , impossible , pleasant , interesting 等。
The problem is difficult to work out .( 可看作 to work out 前 省略 了 for me)
这道 题 很 难 计算。
Do you think the water is safe to drink?
你 认 为这 水喝 着 安全吗 ?
(6)be to blame 也 属 于主动形 式 表 被 动 意 义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?
这个 错误 应该归咎 于 谁 ?
对点练习
1 . The city has been recognized(recognize) as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th
century , home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.
2 . My washing machine is being repaired(repair) this week , so I have to wash my clothes by
hand.
3 . Nowadays , cycling , along with jogging and swimming , is regarded(regard) as one of the
best all-round forms of exercise.
4 . We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is to blame(blame) for their son ’ s bad
performance at school.
1 . After a three-year pilot period , the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP is
