初中英语主谓一致讲解
一)主谓一致的种类
1 .语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:
The number of the students present is 200.
Jane and Mary look alike.
2 .意义上一致
1 )主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如: The crowd were shouting.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有: people, police, cattle 等。
2 )主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如: The news was so surprising.
形复意单的单词有 news 和一些以 ics 结尾的学科名称,如 physics , politics, economics 等。
3 .就近原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词 or , either…or, neither…not, not
only…but also 等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:
Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.
二)主谓一致的应用
1 .名词作主语
1 )某些集体名词,如 family, team 等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,
如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
His family is a happy one.
The whole family are watching TV.
这
类
名
词
有
:
audienc
e , class , club , company , crew , enemy , crowd , government , group , party , public , team 等。
名词 population 一词的使用情况类似。“ a group(crowd) of + 复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也
同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。
2 )某些集体名词,如 people, police, cattle 等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。如:
The police are searching for the thief.
3 )单、复数同形的名词主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如:
A sheep is over there.
Some sheep are over there.
4 )名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般
用单数。如:
The doctor’s is across the street.
My uncle’s is not far from here.
常见的省略名词有: the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s 等。
表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:
Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.
5 )当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一
致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。如:
Three years has passed since then.
6 )不定代词 each, every, no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数
形式。如:
Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.
7 )如果主语有 more than one… 或 many a… 构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词
仍用单数形式。如:
More than one student has read the book.
Many a girl has been there.
但是,“ more + 复数名词 +than one” 结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:
More members than one are against your plan.
8 )一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:
glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用“ a kind of, a pair of ,
a series of 等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:
A pair of shoes was on the desk.
9 ) this kind of book =a book of this kind (这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语 this kind of men
=men of this kind =these kind of men( 口语 ) (这一类人),但 this kind of men 的谓语动词用单数,
men of this kind 和 these kind of men 的谓语动词用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数
形式。如:
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
10 )复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致原则,作用单数意义时,谓语用单数,
反 之 , 谓 语 用 复 数 。 这 类 名 词 有 : means ( 方 法 ) , works ( 工 厂 ) , species ( 种 类 ) ,
Chinese , Japanese 等。如:
