2025秋外研版八上英语单元语法和配套练习 Unit 1

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2025 秋外研版八上英语 Unit 1

现在完成时 (1)

首先请看下面的句子:

(1) I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again.

这部电影我已经看过了,不想再看了。

(2) I have entered lots of competitions. 我参加过很多比赛。

(3) Have you ever won any prizes before? 你以前得过奖吗?

(4) My aunt has travelled all over the world. 我姑姑已经周游了世界。

(5) Many people have agreed to help us. 许多人都同意帮助我们。

以上句子的谓语有一个共同的特点,就是由 “have /has + 动词的过去分词

成,我们把这种时态称为 现在完成时 。现在完成时表示在以前某个时间已经

发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响,如 (1) 表示看过电影了,对

电影比较熟悉,不想再看了;还可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情,如 (4)

我们可以从上面的例句中推知现在完成时的各种句型,具体请看下表:

人称

肯定句

否定句

疑问句及回答

I have not

I have seen

(haven't) seen

— Have you seen the

the

the

questionnaire in this

questionna

questionnaire

newspaper?

第一

人称

ire in this

newspaper.

We have

in this

newspaper.

We have not

— Yes, I have. / No, I

have not (haven't).

— Have you travelled

travelled

(haven't)

around the world?

around the

travelled

— Yes, we have. / No, we

world.

around the

have not (haven't).

world.

人称

肯定句

否定句

疑问句及回答

第二

人称

You have

been to

England.

You have not

(haven't) been

to England.

— Have you been to England?

— Yes, I / we have. /

No, I / we have not

(haven't).

第三

人称

He / She

has been to

Los

Angeles.

They have

given

concerts

all over

the world.

He / She has

not (hasn't)

been to Los

Angeles. They

have not

(haven't)

given concerts

all over the

world.

— Has he / she been to

Los Angeles?

— Yes, he / she has. /

No, he / she has not

(hasn't).

— Have they given

concerts all over the

world?

— Yes, they have. / No,

they have not (haven't).

现在完成时中除第三人称单数形式用 “has /has not (hasn't) + 动词的过去分

以外,其他人称都用 “have /have not (haven't) + 动词的过去分词 形式。

大部分动词过去分词的变化方式是规则的,但是有一部分动词的变化是不规则的,

同学们需要记住它们的不规则变化形式。例如:

be – was /were – been

find – found – found

do – did – done

have – had – had

eat – ate – eaten

make – made – made

go – went – gone

let – let – let

see – saw – seen

put – put – put

现在完成时常与 just, already yet 等表示时间的状语连用。例如:

I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。

Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。

We have just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。

可以看出, just 用来表示 刚刚 already 用来表示 已经 ,两者都用于肯定

句中,一般是置于 have /has 之后。在否定句中则可以用 yet ,表示 还未

以后可能会 的含义。例如:

The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。

Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现任何生命。

另外,在使用现在完成时的时候,要注意它与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在

表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的,重点在于已完成

动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如:

I have just been to London. I went there last month.

我刚去过伦敦,上个月去的。

I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.

我已经完成家庭作业了,一小时前完成的。

在没有明确的过去时间状语时,如何判断该用现在完成时还是一般过去时呢?判

断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响, 就是 该句 所强调 的是 什么 看以

下对

A: Where have you put my book? I can't find it.

你把我的 书放哪儿 去了?我 不到。

B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 昨天放 在你 上了。

该对 中, A 问对方把 自己 书放 在何 时, A 强调 的是现在 不到了,

用现在完成时。但是 B 回答时只是 置, 以用一般过去时。

再看下面的对

A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight?

今晚 我去看电影吗?

B: Sorry, I have seen it already. ,我已经看过 部电影了。

中的现在完成时表示对 结果 强调 :电影看过了, 以不想再看了。

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