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2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英 语
本试卷共 10 页，满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。
注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号
考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型 (A) 填涂在答题卡相应位
置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择
题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“ 21 ”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答
案信息点涂黑 ; 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试
卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指
定区域内相应位置上 ; 如高改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案 ; 不
准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读 ( 共两节，满分 50 分 )
第一节 ( 共 15 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分 )
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay
1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments ( 作业 ) during the course. All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and
course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-
class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'
lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to
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time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at
home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence
will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan.
D. An
academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero.
B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】 1. C2. B3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
【 1 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“ Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature ( 文学概论课程评
分办法 ) ”和 Essays (60%) 部分“ Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of
the grade of for this course ( 你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分 ) ”可知，文章
介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选 C 项。
【 2 题详解】
细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“ Essays (60%) ”、“ Group Assignments (30%) ”和“ Daily
Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%) ”可知，学生的最终成绩由 3
部分组成。故选 B 项。
【 3 题详解】
推理判断题。根据“ Late Work ”部分“ If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it
will earn a zero. ( 如果没有在截止日期后的第 4 天上交，将会得到零分 ) ”可知，如果在截止
日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选 A 项。
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B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula ( 芝麻菜 )was to
make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then
friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the
arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six
salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the
moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much
perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by
grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a
country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my
refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones
of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in
Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished ( 有瑕疵的 )
produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash,
cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious , yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in
reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or
by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at
times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting
food.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
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C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean
fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted
food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C . Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】 4. B5. B6. D7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿 DC 中央
厨房 的 首席执行官科廷为 解 决 食物浪费 而采取 的 努 力。
【 4 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一 段 中的“ Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.
( 像 我们 大多数人 一 样 ，我 努 力 关 注 那些被 浪费的食物 ) ”及“ But as days passed, the arugula
went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with
what I threw out.( 但随着 时 间 的推 移 ，芝麻菜 变坏 了。 更糟糕 的是，我不 假思索地买 了 太多
东西； 我 扔 掉的 东西 可以 做六份沙拉 ) ”可推知，作 者想 通 过讲述 芝麻菜的故事来 表 明我们
有时会无意 间 浪费食物。故选 B 。
【 5 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第 三段 “ Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other,
resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes,
“if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the
world.”( 生 产 没 人吃 的食物会浪费用 于种植 食物的 水 、 燃料 和其他 资源 。 这 使得食物浪费成 为
一个 环境问 题。事 实 上， 罗伊特 写 道 ，“如果食物浪费是一个国 家 ， 它 将是 世界 上第 三大
温室气 体 排放 国。” ) ”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对 环境 的 危害 。故选
B 。
【 6 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 倒数 第二 段 中的“ Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C.,
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which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500
pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished ( 有瑕疵的 ) produce, that otherwise
would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry
them for use in meals down the road.( 科廷 是华盛顿 DC 中央 厨房 的 首席执行官 ， 该公司 把食
物 复 原， 变 成 健康 的食物。 去 年， 该 组 织 通 过接受捐赠 和 收集 有瑕疵的 农产品 ， 收 回了 超
过 807500 磅 的食物， 否则这些农产品就 会在 地里腐烂 。 草莓呢？志愿者 们将 清洗 、 切割 、 冷
冻 或干 燥它 们，以 便 在 路 上的 餐 食中使用 ) ”可知， 科廷 的 公司 用 人 们不 想 要的食物 重 新 制
作食物。故选 D 。
【 7 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一 段 中的“ “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not
purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.( “每个 人都 可以在 减少 浪费 方面发挥 作用，
无论是在每周的 购 物中不 购买 不必要的食物， 还 是要求 餐馆 不 包括 你不 吃 的 配 菜，” 科廷
说 ) ”可知， 科廷建议人 们 只买 需要的 东西 来 避免 浪费食物。故选 A 。
C
The elderly residents ( 居民 ) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to
stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity ( 慈善 组 织 ) to reduce loneliness and improve
elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious
illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where
hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep
hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out
and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the
hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it
feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and
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the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the
project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are
looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the
project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8 . What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the
aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s
welfare.
9 . How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of
achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong
personality.
10 . What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve.
B. Oppose.
C. Begin.
D.
Evaluate.
11 . What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received.
B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】 8. D9. B10. C11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要 讲述 了 旨 在 减少孤独 ，改 善老 年 人 的 健康状况 的项目。
【 8 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二 段 “ The project was dreamed up by a local charity ( 慈善 组 织 ) to
reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing ( 该 项目由 当地 一 家慈善机 构构 想 ，
旨 在 减少孤独 ，改 善老 年 人 的 健康状况 ) ”可知， 这 个项目的目的是 为 了 提 高 老 年 人 的 幸福 。
故选 D 。
【 9 题详解】
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推理判断题。根据文章第 五段 “ “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing
their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the
creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” ( 有不 同 的 关 注点 很好 。 人 们
把自己的 孩子带进 来 看母鸡 ， 居民 们 也 来 外面坐着看它 们。我 喜欢创造性 的活动， 做 一 些
有用的事 情 的 感觉很好 ) ”可推知， Ruth Xavier 通 过该 项目 获 得了一 种 成 就感 。故选 B 。
【 10 题详解】
词义猜测 题。根据文章 倒数 第二 段 “ Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. ( 居民 们非常 欢迎该 项目的 想 法和 创 意会 议 。我们期 待这 个项目能给 这里 的 人 们 带 来 好
处和 乐趣 ) ”以及划 线 处前的“ one of the first ( 第一 批人之 一 ) ”可知 Wendy Wilson 是 着手这
项 工 程的 人之 一，划 线 处的 含义与 C 项：“ Begin ( 开始 ) ” 含义 相 近 。故选 C 。
【 11 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章 倒数 第二 段 “ Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. ( 居民 们非常 欢迎该 项目 的
想 法和 创 意会 议 。我们期 待这 个项目能给 这里 的 人 们 带 来 好
处和 乐趣 ) ”以及最后一 段 “ Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy
to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest
and creative activities.” ( “ 诺丁山路径 ”的 负责人林恩 · 刘易斯 说 : 我们 很 高 兴 能 参与这 个项
目。 它 将通 过 共 同 的 兴趣 和 创造性 活动 真正帮助 我们的 居民联系起 来 ) ”可知， 该 项目的 反
响很好 。故选 A 。
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to
the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common
than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led
to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called
labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer
foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,
has found how and why this trend arose.
